Virus du nil occidental canada

Download references. Nikolaos W. Yiannakoulias MA, Donald P. Svenson BSc. Donald P. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Nikolaos W. Yiannakoulias MA. Reprints and Permissions. Yiannakoulias, N. Can J Public Health 97, — Download citation. Received : 09 August Accepted : 25 May Published : 01 September Issue Date : September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Abstract Background This paper applies a method for modelling the spatial variation of West Nile virus WNv in humans using bird, environmental and human testing data. Methods We used data collected from Alberta municipalities. Results There were confirmed cases of WNv in the calendar year in Alberta. Conclusion Infected bird data contribute little to our model. References 1. Article Google Scholar 2.

Article Google Scholar 3. Article Google Scholar 4. Cases are reported to CDC by state and local health departments using standard case definitions. In addition to human disease, ArboNET maintains data on arboviral infections among presumptive viremic blood donors, veterinary disease cases, mosquitoes, dead birds, and sentinel animals.

Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. West Nile virus. Section Navigation. Free to read. Language: English French. Two horses had a history of ataxia and weakness or recumbency. The other was euthanized; it had meningoencephalomyelitis, WNV was detected by polymerase chain reaction.

West Nile virus infection is an emerging disease. Year is the first year in which cases have been seen in Saskatchewan. The horse was kept on pasture with another horse, which was apparently normal. The horse had been vaccinated against Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and dewormed on regular basis.

There was no history of travel outside Saskatchewan. The owner reported that the horse was unstable on all 4 limbs, stood with its neck arched, and showed muscle fasciculation on the face, especially the upper lip, but continued to eat and drink.

On physical examination, the horse was depressed, interspersed with periods of hyperresponsiveness. Vital signs were normal. Muscle fasciculation was noticed over the face, particularly the upper lip, the trunk, and the limbs. Neurological examination revealed normal cranial nerve function. The horse was very ataxic with both weakness and proprioceptive deficits affecting all 4 limbs. When he was circled, he pivoted on the hind limbs, crossed the fore legs, and occasionally stepped on himself.

Based on these signs, a multifocal neurological lesion affecting both brain and spinal cord was diagnosed. The most likely differential diagnoses for these signs in the Saskatchewan area included West Nile virus WNV , Western equine encephalomyelitis, equine herpes virus EHV1 infection, rabies, and possibly hepatoencephalopathy. The CBC count and serum biochemical analysis revealed no significant findings.

The antibody titer for EHV1 was not consistent with infection. Attempts at a lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid tap were unsuccessful.

The horse was hospitalized in a stall with extra bedding. The clinical signs improved after the 2nd day and the horse maintained a good appetite. Twitches and hyperesthesia gradually disappeared and the horse became stronger on all 4 limbs. The horse recovered and was discharged 8 d later with mild weakness of the hind legs, which resolved 7 mo later. A year-old quarter horse mare was admitted to the WCVM in September with a history of neurological signs.

She had been vaccinated against tetanus and Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. She was born and raised in Saskatchewan and kept on a pasture close to Regina in which there had been a mosquito problem during the late summer months. The only other horse on the pasture, a geriatric gelding thoroughbred, had been euthanized by the owner 10 d previously because of involuntary recumbency and suspected colic; no diagnostic testing had been performed.

The mare had been found in lateral recumbency with normal mentation early in the morning. She vocalized in response to the other horses on the premises and ate food when it was offered. At presentation, the mare was in lateral recumbency and unable to maintain sternal recumbency, even with assistance.

She was unresponsive to most stimuli. The right side of the face was badly bruised and swollen. Body temperature was The pupils were mydriatic with a slight menace response. The tail was flaccid and the rectum full of feces, but some anal tone was present.

The muscles of the hind end were tense and firm. The clinical signs could be explained by multifocal CNS dysfunction, which could be due to neurological disease, aggravated and intensified by iatrogenic anesthetic and tranquilizer administration. Results from a CBC count indicated a left shift without neutrophilia and lymphopenia. There were elevated concentrations of serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glucose, urea, and creatinine.

The mare did not respond to therapy and was euthanized about 24 h after the clinical signs had first been observed. At necropsy, the mare was in good body condition, but the abdomen was gaunt. The only gross lesion was bruising on the right side of the face and swelling around the right eye, consistent with self-trauma when recumbent.

On histopathological examination of sections of brain and spinal cord, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, severe meningoencephalitis was observed.

There was a moderate perivascular lymphocytic infiltration throughout the brain and in the cervical spinal cord. There were mild focal accumulations of glial cells in many areas.

In the midbrain, there were more severe multifocal mononuclear cell infiltrations with variable numbers of neutrophils, as previously described 1. In the white matter of the cerebellum, there was a locally extensive area in which there was mineralization in the walls of blood vessels and in the brain parenchyma, which was considered an incidental finding associated with aging.

There was congestion in the lung and spleen, consistent with barbiturate euthanasia. No other microscopic abnormalities were detected in other organs. West Nile virus infection is an emerging disease in Canada. These 2 cases of WNV infection in the late summer and early fall of are the first to be reported in western Canada.

West Nile virus is an arbovirus from the family Flaviridae.